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Accessory cell-derived signals required for T cell activation

J G Johnson¹, M K Jenkins

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.

Immunologic Research

|January 1, 1993

Summary

Accessory cells present antigens to T cells, but their effectiveness depends on MHC class II, costimulatory molecules, and adhesion. Inadequate costimulation can lead to T cell anergy.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular immunology

Background:

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are crucial for initiating adaptive immune responses by stimulating CD4+ T cells.
The potency of APCs varies, impacting their ability to activate T cells and produce interleukin-2.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the key factors determining APC potency in T cell activation.
To emphasize the critical role of costimulation, particularly the CD28/B7 pathway, in T cell responses.
To explore the consequences of insufficient costimulation, such as T cell anergy.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on antigen presentation, T cell activation, and costimulation.
Analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying APC-T cell interactions.
Discussion of the functional outcomes of varying APC accessory functions.

Main Results:

APC potency is influenced by MHC class II expression, peptide presentation, costimulatory ligand expression, and adhesion molecules.
Costimulation, mediated by the CD28/B7 receptor/ligand pair, is vital for effective T cell activation.
Inadequate costimulation by APCs can result in T cell anergy, a state of unresponsiveness.

Conclusions:

Effective T cell activation requires a combination of antigen presentation and costimulatory signals.
The CD28/B7 pathway is a key determinant of T cell responsiveness and tolerance induction.
Understanding APC function is critical for developing strategies to modulate immune responses.

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