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Related Experiment Videos

Differential CD4 T cell activation in measles

D E Griffin1, B J Ward

  • 1Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Measles disrupts immune responses, favoring antibody production over cellular immunity. This study reveals that late-stage measles involves preferential activation of specific immune cells, explaining the observed immune imbalances.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Measles infection typically elicits a strong antibody response but limited delayed-type hypersensitivity.
  • Generalized immune suppression, including reduced skin test reactivity and lymphocyte proliferation, is observed during measles.
  • The underlying mechanisms for these altered immune responses require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CD4 cell subsets and cytokine patterns in measles-induced immune dysregulation.
  • To determine if preferential activation of specific T-helper cell subsets contributes to measles immunopathology.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of soluble CD4 and cytokine levels (Interleukin-2, Interleukin-4) in patient plasma.
  • In vitro analysis of mononuclear cell proliferation and cytokine production (Interleukin-2, Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-6) in response to anti-CD3 stimulation.
  • Assessment of lymphoproliferation defects and the effect of Interleukin-4 neutralization during convalescence.

Main Results:

  • Elevated plasma soluble CD4 levels were consistently observed.
  • Interleukin-2 initially increased then declined, while Interleukin-4 levels rose post-rash resolution.
  • Mononuclear cells showed poor proliferation and produced low levels of Interleukin-2 and Interferon-gamma, but high levels of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-6.
  • In vitro Interleukin-4 neutralization partially restored lymphoproliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Preferential activation of type 2 immune cells occurs late in measles infection.
  • This type 2 bias may explain the dominant humoral immune response and suppressed cellular immunity seen in measles.
  • Understanding these immune shifts is crucial for managing measles complications.

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