Primary testicular disease presenting as azoospermia or oligozoospermia in an infertility clinic

A group of 173 patients who made up 23% of a population of patients attending a male infertility clinic with primary testicular disease were examined; 63 patients (36%) were azoospermic and 110 (64%) were oligozoospermic. Their aetiology and clinical features are described, together with the endocrine findings, white blood cell karyotypes and, where available, the histology seen on a testicular biopsy. The relationship of these lesions with the presence or absence of a varicocele is discussed.