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Interhemispheric functional differences in prefrontal cortex of monkeys

J S Stamm, A Gadotti, S C Rosen

    Journal of Neurobiology
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hand training significantly impacts brain activity during memory tasks. Monkeys trained with one hand showed stronger brain responses in areas controlling movement and memory, suggesting hemispheric specialization.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • Primate Research

    Background:

    • The prefrontal cortex is crucial for mnemonic processes, while the precentral cortex is involved in motor control.
    • Understanding how training procedures affect hemispheric specialization is key to deciphering brain function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of unilateral and bilateral hand training on cortical steady potential (SP) shifts during a spatial delayed-response (DR) task in monkeys.
    • To explore interhemispheric functional dissociation between prefrontal and precentral cortical areas.

    Main Methods:

    • Nonpolarizable electrodes were implanted in prefrontal, precentral, and occipital cortex of monkeys.
    • Monkeys were trained on a spatial delayed-response task using unilateral or alternating hand use.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Cortical potentials, specifically steady potential (SP) shifts, were recorded during task performance and intermanual transfer tests.

    • Main Results:

    • Unilateral hand training led to larger contralateral SP shifts in prefrontal and precentral areas.
    • Intermanual transfer tests significantly affected precentral SP shifts but had minimal impact on prefrontal SP shifts.
    • Subsequent unilateral training in alternating-hand trained monkeys enhanced contralateral prefrontal SP shifts and decreased ipsilateral ones.

    Conclusions:

    • A dissociation exists in interhemispheric functions: precentral cortex for motor control and prefrontal cortex for mnemonic processes.
    • Hand-training procedures modulate this hemispheric specialization.
    • Hemispheric specialization is influenced by training, but other factors may also play a role.