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Sequence variation within the human immunodeficiency virus V3 loop at seroconversion

M Ait-Khaled1, V C Emery

  • 1Division of Communicable Diseases, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Journal of Medical Virology
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Early HIV-1 infection analysis reveals limited V3 quasispecies heterogeneity. A dominant variant with a rare GPGKTL motif, not GPGRAF, characterized the principal neutralizing domain in this seroconverting patient.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Understanding early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection dynamics is crucial for developing effective interventions.
  • The V3 loop of HIV-1 is a key determinant of viral tropism and a primary target for neutralizing antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the genetic diversity of the HIV-1 V3 quasispecies during the early seroconversion period in an infected individual.
  • To characterize the sequence and potential implications of the dominant V3 variants, particularly the principal neutralizing domain.

Main Methods:

  • Proviral HIV-1 DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a viraemic patient with an equivocal antibody status.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to amplify the V3 region of the HIV-1 proviral DNA.

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  • PCR products were cloned, and DNA sequences of 15 clones were determined to assess V3 quasispecies heterogeneity.

    • Main Results:

    • The analysis revealed limited sequence heterogeneity within the V3 region of the HIV-1 quasispecies.
    • A single major variant constituted 66% of the observed protein quasispecies.
    • All analyzed V3 sequences possessed the GPGKTL motif in the principal neutralizing domain, a less common sequence compared to GPGRAF.

    Conclusions:

    • Early HIV-1 infection can be dominated by a limited set of viral variants.
    • The presence of the GPGKTL motif in the principal neutralizing domain of early HIV-1 variants may have implications for viral neutralization and disease progression.
    • Further research is warranted to understand the impact of these specific V3 motifs on the early stages of HIV infection.