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Related Experiment Videos

Skeletal muscle fiber hyperplasia

J Antonio1, W J Gonyea

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9039.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Muscle fiber hyperplasia, or an increase in fiber number, contributes to skeletal muscle enlargement in adult animals. This occurs alongside fiber hypertrophy, particularly in response to exercise and stretch overload.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Muscle biology
  • Cellular adaptation

Background:

  • Skeletal muscle enlargement in adults is traditionally attributed to fiber hypertrophy (increased size).
  • Emerging evidence suggests muscle fiber hyperplasia (increased number) also plays a role in adult muscle mass increases.
  • This phenomenon is relevant to both animal models and human athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle enlargement.
  • To determine the contribution of muscle fiber hyperplasia to muscle mass increases.
  • To examine evidence for fiber hyperplasia across different experimental models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three models of muscle enlargement: compensatory hypertrophy, stretch overload, and exercise.

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  • Employed direct muscle fiber counting via nitric acid digestion.
  • Used indirect fiber counting through histological cross-sections.
  • Analyzed the expression of embryonic myosin isoforms.
  • Investigated the role of satellite cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Direct fiber counts revealed significant increases (9-52%) in fiber number following exercise and stretch overload.
    • Indirect histological methods suggested fiber hyperplasia (10-82%) across all three models.
    • Embryonic myosin isoform expression indicated new fiber formation in stretch-overloaded muscle.
    • Satellite cells were implicated in muscle fiber hyperplasia during stretch and exercise.

    Conclusions:

    • Muscle fiber hyperplasia contributes to skeletal muscle enlargement in adult animals.
    • Evidence supports fiber hyperplasia in response to exercise, stretch, and compensatory hypertrophy.
    • Satellite cells are involved in the process of muscle fiber hyperplasia.