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Related Experiment Videos

Charge distribution of IgA-lambda in IgA nephropathy

K N Lai1, S H Chui, W H Lewis

  • 1Department of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Nephron
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Patients with IgA nephropathy exhibit altered serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) charge, specifically increased anionic IgA lambda. This finding may explain IgA lambda

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mesangial IgA and serum IgA in IgA nephropathy patients show restricted anionic charge compared to normal serum IgA.
  • This charge difference prompted investigation into the kappa and lambda subclasses of IgA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the charge characteristics of immunoglobulin A (IgA) kappa and lambda subclasses in patients with IgA nephropathy.
  • To determine if altered IgA subclass charge contributes to the immunopathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Purification of serum IgA from 11 IgA nephropathy patients and 11 controls using affinity chromatography with jacalin.
  • Analysis of IgA charge spectrotypes via isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting.
  • Quantification of IgA subclasses (IgA lambda and IgA kappa) and their charge distribution using computerized densitometry and specific monoclonal antibodies.

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Main Results:

  • The overall anionic:cationic (A:C) ratio of serum IgA was significantly higher in patients with IgA nephropathy compared to controls (1.67 vs. 1.36, p < 0.025).
  • While both IgA lambda and IgA kappa subclasses showed distinct charge profiles (anionic and cationic, respectively), the increased A:C ratio in patients was primarily due to a rise in serum IgA lambda.
  • The kappa/lambda ratio was significantly lower in patients (1.11) than in controls (1.51, p < 0.01), indicating a relative increase in IgA lambda.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with IgA nephropathy exhibit an increased serum anionic:cationic IgA ratio, driven by elevated levels of IgA lambda.
  • The predominant mesangial deposition of IgA lambda, previously observed in IgA nephropathy, combined with its increased anionic charge, may be crucial for selective mesangial binding and disease pathogenesis.