Gender, laterality, learning difficulties and health problems
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Updated: Nov 10, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
R E Steenhuis1, M P Bryden, D H Schroeder
1Department of Psychology, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract:
This paper examines the association between self-reported laterality, learning difficulties and health problems. Responses to questionnaire data were obtained from 3829 males and 3631 females. Males reported increased cardiovascular disease, ulcers, and diabetes. Learning problems were increased in males, nonright-handers and those with a left eye preference. The highest proportion of difficulty learning to read was in males who were nonright-handed and right-eyed. Mixed dominance, however, did not fully explain the results since nonright-handers with left eye preferences had the next highest rate.
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