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Facilitative glucose transporters

M Mueckler1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110.

European Journal of Biochemistry
|February 1, 1994
PubMed
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Facilitative glucose transporters (Glut) are crucial for cellular energy. This review details the structure, function, and regulation of Glut proteins, highlighting their tissue-specific roles in glucose metabolism and homeostasis.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Facilitative glucose transport is mediated by the Glut protein family, part of a larger superfamily of transmembrane segment transporters.
  • Six Glut isoforms (Glut1-Glut7) are known, each with distinct tissue expression, kinetic properties, and regulatory mechanisms.
  • These transporters play vital roles in basal glucose uptake, barrier transport, neuronal glucose supply, insulin-sensitive glucose disposal, fructose transport, and intracellular glucose flux.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in the structure, function, and regulation of the Glut protein family.
  • To elucidate the specific roles of different Glut isoforms in various tissues and physiological processes.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of glucose transport mechanisms mediated by Glut proteins.

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Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific advances.
  • Synthesis of information on Glut protein structure, function, and regulation.
  • Analysis of tissue-specific expression and kinetic properties of Glut isoforms.

Main Results:

  • Glut1: Basal glucose requirement and barrier transport.
  • Glut2: High-Km, high-capacity transport in hepatocytes, pancreatic beta cells, and epithelial cells.
  • Glut3: Low-Km, neuronal glucose uptake.
  • Glut4: Insulin-sensitive glucose disposal in fat and muscle.
  • Glut5: Fructose transport in spermatozoa and intestine.
  • Glut7: Endoplasmic reticulum glucose transport.

Conclusions:

  • The Glut protein family exhibits diverse roles in glucose metabolism and homeostasis, reflecting their specialized structures and functions.
  • Understanding Glut protein regulation is crucial for comprehending cellular and whole-body glucose dynamics.
  • Recent advances continue to refine our knowledge of these essential transporters.