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Melaleuca oil (tea tree oil) dermatitis

T E Knight1, B M Hausen

  • 1Division of Dermatology, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|March 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

d-Limonene in Melaleuca oil (tea tree oil) is the primary cause of allergic contact eczema. Increased use of this popular remedy may lead to more cases of skin reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Phytochemistry

Background:

  • Melaleuca oil, commonly known as tea tree oil, is derived from Melaleuca alternifolia leaves.
  • It is widely recognized for its therapeutic applications in various skin conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific compounds within Melaleuca oil responsible for allergic contact eczema.
  • Investigate sensitization in seven patients who developed adverse reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Patch testing was performed on seven patients.
  • Tests included a 1% solution of Melaleuca oil and 1% solutions of its 11 constituent compounds.

Main Results:

  • Six out of seven patients reacted to d-limonene.
  • Reactions were also observed with alpha-terpinene, aromadendrene, terpinen-4-ol, p-cymene, and alpha-phellandrene.
  • d-Carvone did not elicit a response in any patient.

Conclusions:

  • d-Limonene is identified as the most frequent allergen in Melaleuca oil causing allergic contact eczema.
  • Clinicians should anticipate an increase in contact eczema cases due to the growing popularity of Melaleuca oil.

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