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Immunogenicity of recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine in nonresponders to perinatal immunization
Insights
Infants who did not respond to initial hepatitis B vaccination were successfully reimmunized. Most children maintained protective antibody levels four years after receiving the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Perinatal hepatitis B vaccination aims to prevent vertical transmission.
- A subset of infants may not achieve protective antibody titers after initial vaccination.
- Revisiting nonresponse is crucial for ensuring long-term immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of reimmunization in nonresponders to perinatal hepatitis B vaccination.
- To assess the durability of the immune response following revaccination.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 45 infants identified as nonresponders to perinatal immunization were reimmunized at age 4.
- A yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was administered on a 0-, 1-, and 5-month schedule.
- Antibody levels to hepatitis B surface antigen were measured post-vaccination and during a 4-year follow-up period.
Main Results:
- All reimmunized children achieved seroconversion with protective antibody titers.
- Over 70% of children maintained antibody titers above 10 mIU/mL four years post-vaccination.
- The immune response was robust and sustained in the majority of participants.
Conclusions:
- Reimmunization is an effective strategy for achieving protective immunity in nonresponders to perinatal hepatitis B vaccination.
- Subsequent vaccination elicits a durable immune response, offering long-term protection against hepatitis B.
- This approach enhances vaccine efficacy and public health outcomes.
Objective:
Nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccine in the perinatal period occasionally occurs. This report documents the results of reimmunization of nonresponders to perinatal immunization.
Design:
From a cohort of 1154 infants immunized with plasma-based vaccine in the perinatal period and followed up for more than 8 years, 45 nonresponders were identified. These children were reimmunized at 4 years of age. Each child received a yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine on a 0-, 1-, and 5-month schedule, 33 children with 10-micrograms and 12 with 5-micrograms doses. Blood was sampled 1 month after the third vaccination and thereafter at 1, 2, and 4 years.
Setting:
The follow-up clinic where the cohort of children was regularly seen.
Patients:
Forty-five 4-year-old children who had no antibody to hepatitis B despite perinatal immunization.
Main Outcome Measure:
Antibody levels to hepatitis B surface antigen.
Results:
Seroconversion with titers higher than 10 mIU/mL occurred in all children. More than 70% still had titers higher than 10 mIU/mL 4 years after vaccination.
Conclusion:
Nonresponders to perinatal hepatitis B vaccination respond well to subsequent vaccination.