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[Toxic cirrhosis]

H Kawasaki1, Y Murawaki, S Yamada

  • 1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Carbon tetrachloride causes liver injury, but rarely cirrhosis. Certain medications can lead to chronic liver disease, including hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, if not promptly withdrawn.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Carbon tetrachloride is a known hepatotoxin, inducing fatty degeneration and necrosis.
  • Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant clinical concern.
  • Several medications are occasionally linked to chronic liver damage.

Purpose:

  • To review the hepatotoxic effects of carbon tetrachloride and various drugs.
  • To highlight the potential for drug-induced chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis.
  • To emphasize the importance of early drug withdrawal in managing DILI.

Summary:

  • Carbon tetrachloride causes dose-dependent liver injury, primarily fatty degeneration and centrilobular necrosis, with a low incidence of cirrhosis.
  • Medications such as methyldopa, methotrexate, isoniazid, and vitamin A have been implicated in causing chronic active hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis.
  • Continued drug administration despite evident hepatitis can exacerbate liver damage, leading to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Impact:

  • Early identification and cessation of the offending drug are crucial for managing drug-induced chronic liver disease.
  • Prompt withdrawal can prevent the progression of liver injury to fibrosis and cirrhosis.
  • Understanding these toxicities aids clinicians in diagnosing and managing patients with potential drug-induced liver damage.

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