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Related Experiment Videos

Hypoxic apnea and gasping

W G Guntheroth, I Kawabori

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |December 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Severe hypoxia triggers apnea regardless of CO2 and pH levels. Extreme hypoxia causes gasping, a reflex that temporarily restores oxygen levels in adult and fetal animals.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Respiratory Regulation

    Background:

    • Hypoxia is a critical factor influencing respiratory control.
    • The interplay between oxygen levels, carbon dioxide, and pH in triggering respiratory responses is not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if severe hypoxia induces apnea irrespective of arterial CO2 and pH.
    • To determine if extreme hypoxia triggers gasping.
    • To compare these responses in adult and fetal animals.

    Main Methods:

    • Acute experiments involving airway occlusion and low inspired oxygen (FIo2) in anesthetized adult dogs and monkeys.
    • Continuous monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation and Pco2.
    • Blood gas analysis for Po2, Pco2, and pH.
    • Similar studies were conducted on term fetal monkeys.

    Main Results:

    • Apnea consistently occurred when arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) dropped below 10 torr, regardless of high or low Pco2 and pH.
    • Gasping was observed at Pao2 below 5 torr after 1-2 minutes of apnea.
    • Gasping temporarily improved Pao2, allowing respiration to resume.
    • Fetal responses were similar but gasping was less effective and more persistent.

    Conclusions:

    • Severe hypoxia is a primary trigger for apnea, independent of CO2 and pH.
    • Gasping is a response to extreme hypoxia, serving to restore oxygen levels.
    • Respiratory control mechanisms during hypoxia show similarities between adult and fetal mammals, with some differences in gasping efficacy.

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