Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 2, 2025
09:13
A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
Published on: May 16, 2017
11.6K
Short-term, intermediate-term, and long-term memories
M R Rosenzweig1, E L Bennett, P J Colombo
1Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Behavioural Brain Research
|November 30, 1993
Summary
Investigating memory formation in chicks reveals distinct stages beyond short-term and long-term memory. Intermediate-term memory (ITM) and long-term memory (LTM) formation depend on different protein kinase activities.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Science
- Animal Behavior
Background:
- The traditional model of memory distinguishes between short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM).
- Some research suggests an intermediate-term memory (ITM) stage exists.
- Understanding memory stages is crucial for cognitive research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the temporal stages of memory formation and storage.
- To determine if the traditional STM/LTM model is sufficient.
- To explore the neurobiological underpinnings of different memory stages.
Main Methods:
- Utilized chicks as a model organism for memory research.
- Employed a weak training paradigm to analyze retention functions.
- Administered various kinase inhibitors to probe molecular mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Identified four memory components: memory buffer, STM, ITM, and LTM.
- Demonstrated that ITM is impaired by calcium/calmodulin kinase inhibitors (15-30 min post-training).
- Showed LTM is inhibited by PKA, PKC, or PKG inhibitors (by 60 min post-training).
Conclusions:
- The traditional two-stage memory model may be an oversimplification.
- Evidence supports distinct molecular pathways for ITM and LTM.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate complex memory consolidation processes.
More Related Videos
06:35Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
Published on: April 28, 2016
34.3K
09:39Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
Published on: June 26, 2013
27.2K
Related Concept Videos
01:23System of Memory
6.6K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
6.6K
01:18Long-Term Memory
289
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
289
01:14Sensory Memory
336
Sensory memory captures information from the environment in its original form for a very brief duration, just long enough to be exposed to visual, auditory, and other senses. This type of memory is detailed and rich but quickly lost unless certain strategies are employed to transfer it into short-term or long-term memory. Sensory information is continuously bombarding the human brain, yet only a small fraction is absorbed, as most of it does not significantly impact daily life. For instance,...
336
01:22Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory
318
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
318
01:26Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory
1.0K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
1.0K
01:27Explicit Memories
209
Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
209