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Related Experiment Videos

Separating fact from artifact in changes in nutrient intake over time

P M Guenther1, B P Perloff, T L Vizioli

  • 1Human Nutrition Information Service, US Department of Agriculture, Hyattsville, MD 20782.

Journal of the American Dietetic Association
|March 1, 1994
PubMed
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The Journal of nutrition·1990

Comparing Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) data from 1977-78 and 1987-88 reveals significant nutrient database changes. Revisions are needed for iron, magnesium, and vitamins B-6 and B-12 estimates due to improved methods.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Food Science
  • Public Health Nutrition

Background:

  • The Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) provides crucial data on dietary intake in the United States.
  • Methodological and database changes between the 1977-78 NFCS and 1987-88 NFCS may impact trend analyses.
  • Accurate historical dietary data is essential for understanding long-term nutritional trends and public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of procedural and nutrient database differences between the 1977-78 NFCS and 1987-88 NFCS on estimated mean nutrient intakes.
  • To identify specific nutrients whose estimated intakes were significantly affected by methodological changes.

Main Methods:

  • A split-sample field experiment was conducted with 697 women aged 20-49 in the Philadelphia metropolitan area.

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  • Participants were randomly assigned to interview groups using either 1977-78 or 1987-88 NFCS protocols and databases.
  • Nutrient intakes, including food energy and 14 specific nutrients, were calculated using various combinations of survey procedures and databases, with statistical analyses including t-tests and ANOVA.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant differences in estimated intakes for iron, magnesium, and vitamins B-6 and B-12 were observed, primarily attributed to changes in the nutrient database and improved analytical techniques.
    • Estimated intakes for fat, vitamin A, and thiamin reflected genuine dietary changes rather than database artifacts.
    • Other nutrients examined were not significantly affected by the methodological differences.

    Conclusions:

    • When analyzing nutrient intake trends over time, it is crucial to adjust earlier food composition estimates to accurately reflect the food supply at the time of consumption.
    • Distinguishing between real dietary changes and artifactual differences caused by improvements in nutrient data quality is essential for valid historical comparisons.
    • Methodological consistency or appropriate adjustments are necessary for reliable interpretation of longitudinal dietary survey data.