Calculating paternity probabilities from DNA multilocus fingerprints in some cases of deficiency

Paternity determination via DNA multilocus fingerprints in normal trio cases, namely when the fingerprints of the trio mother, child and putative father are available, is performed on a routine basis. But in cases of deficiency, where the DNA fingerprint of mother or putative father is missing, there exists no systematic, analytical way for paternity calculations, even in cases where DNA fingerprints of other persons related to the missing individual are available. The aim of this paper is to establish a mathematical, analytical background, that enables paternity calculations in cases of deficiency if complementary information can be obtained from the DNA fingerprints of at least one of the parents of the missing individual. Using the basic outline of our previously described procedure, the formulas for paternity calculations also allow mutations.