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Pre-lytic release of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cytoplasmic blebs
Abstract:
The pre-lytic release mechanism of foot-and-mouth disease virus was investigated by immunofluorescence, acridine orange staining, and electron microscopy in infected bovine and porcine kidney coverslip cultures. Cells with cytoplasmic fluorescence and which were positive for single stranded RNA with acridine orange staining were observed at 2 h after infection. Scanning electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic blebs in all cultures examined 2 h after infection. Rounded cells with virus inclusions began to appear 3 h after infection. Rounded cells and cytoplasmic blebs were shown to have single stranded RNA by acridine orange staining. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy with immunoferritin tagging demonstrated foot-and-mouth disease virus in cytoplasmic blebs. This study presents evidence for a pre-lytic release of foot-and-mouth disease virus through virus-containing cytoplasmic blebs emerging from infected cells.
Insights
Foot-and-mouth disease virus is released from infected cells before cell death via virus-containing cytoplasmic blebs. This pre-lytic release mechanism was observed in bovine and porcine kidney cell cultures.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes significant economic losses in livestock.
- Understanding viral release mechanisms is crucial for developing effective control strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the pre-lytic release mechanism of FMDV from infected cells.
- To identify the cellular structures involved in FMDV release before cell lysis.
Main Methods:
- Immunofluorescence microscopy
- Acridine orange staining for RNA detection
- Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with immunoferritin tagging
Main Results:
- Cytoplasmic fluorescence and single-stranded RNA detected in infected cells at 2 hours post-infection.
- Cytoplasmic blebs observed via SEM at 2 hours post-infection, containing ssRNA.
- FMDV particles identified within cytoplasmic blebs using immunofluorescence and TEM.
Conclusions:
- Evidence supports a pre-lytic release of FMDV through virus-containing cytoplasmic blebs.
- These blebs emerge from infected cells prior to cell lysis, representing a novel release pathway.