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[Gram-negative coccus infection]

K Matsumoto1, N Rikitomi, T Nagatake

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 1, 1994
PubMed
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Gram-negative infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Moraxella catarrhalis are discussed. While N. gonorrhoeae is easily treated, M. catarrhalis poses a significant threat in respiratory infections.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Gram-negative bacteria, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Moraxella catarrhalis, are significant human pathogens.
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) but remains susceptible to new quinolone antibiotics.
  • Moraxella catarrhalis has emerged as a key pathogen in respiratory tract infections since the 1980s, affecting conditions like acute bronchitis, pneumonia, and chronic bronchitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary gram-negative pathogens responsible for common infections.
  • To highlight the clinical significance and treatment considerations for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Moraxella catarrhalis.
  • To discuss the epidemiological relevance of Neisseria meningitidis in Japan.

Main Methods:

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  • Literature review of gram-negative bacterial infections.
  • Analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
  • Epidemiological data review for Neisseria meningitidis in Japan.
  • Clinical case review for Moraxella catarrhalis infections and resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections are treatable with new quinolones due to high susceptibility.
  • Meningococcal infections are infrequent in Japan.
  • Moraxella catarrhalis is a prevalent cause of acute and chronic respiratory infections, including sinusitis and otitis.
  • A majority of pathogenic Moraxella catarrhalis strains produce beta-lactamase, an enzyme conferring antibiotic resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Moraxella catarrhalis represent important gram-negative pathogens.
  • Effective chemotherapy exists for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, while Moraxella catarrhalis presents challenges due to beta-lactamase production.
  • Moraxella catarrhalis is a significant etiological agent in respiratory and other infections, necessitating awareness of its resistance patterns.