Increased urinary saturation and kidney calcium content in genetic hypercalciuric rats

We have established a colony of genetic hypercalciuric (IH) rats as a model of idiopathic hypercalciuria in humans. To test the hypothesis that hypercalciuria can cause crystallization in kidneys through increased supersaturation, in the absence of confounding effects of diet and whatever complex inhibitor disorders underlay stone disease, we fed males and females of the 21st generation of IH rats 13 g per day of a low calcium (LCD, 0.02% Ca), followed by a normal calcium (NCD, 0.6% Ca) and then a high calcium (HCD, 1.2% Ca) diet, each for seven days. During the last 24 hours of each period complete urine collections were obtained and analyzed for all substances known to affect urinary calcium oxalate (CaOx) and brushite (CaHPO4) supersaturation. Relative supersaturation with respect to the solid phases of CaOx and CaHPO4 were then calculated. Compared to same gender controls (Ctl) urine calcium excretion was higher in the female IH rats on all diets and in the male IH rats on NCD and HCD. The female and male IH rats on NCD and HCD were supersaturated with respect to CaOx; however, the male and female Ctl were supersaturated with respect CaOx only on HCD. The female IH rats on NCD and HCD and the male IH rats on NCD were supersaturated with respect to CaHPO4; however, neither the male nor female Ctl rats were supersaturated with respect to CaHPO4 on any diet. On NCD and HCD urine supersaturation with respect to CaHPO4 by females exceeded that of males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)