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The certification of morphine and codeine in a human urine standard reference material
S S Tai1, R G Christensen, R C Paule
1College of American Pathologists, Northfield, IL 60093.
Journal of Analytical Toxicology
|January 1, 1994
Summary
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed a new Standard Reference Material (SRM 2381) to accurately measure morphine and codeine in urine. This certified material ensures reliable drug testing results.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Toxicology
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biomarker Quantification
Background:
- Accurate quantification of morphine and codeine in human urine is crucial for clinical and forensic toxicology.
- Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) are essential for method validation and ensuring the accuracy of analytical measurements.
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) plays a key role in developing certified reference materials for various applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and certify a Standard Reference Material (SRM 2381) for the accurate determination of morphine and codeine concentrations in human urine.
- To provide a reliable standard for testing analytical method bias in drug testing laboratories.
- To improve the quality and comparability of forensic and clinical urine drug test results.
Main Methods:
- Development and certification of a lyophilized human urine matrix containing morphine and codeine at three distinct concentration levels.
- Utilization of three complementary analytical techniques: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS), and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS).
- Statistical combination of results from multiple analytical methods to establish certified concentration values.
Main Results:
- Certified values for morphine were established at 138, 293, and 578 ng/mL.
- Certified values for codeine were established at 134, 283, and 591 ng/mL.
- A round-robin study involving nine military laboratories confirmed the suitability and utility of SRM 2381 for its intended purpose, showing good agreement across methods.
Conclusions:
- SRM 2381 provides a validated standard for morphine and codeine quantification in human urine.
- The certified values obtained through multiple advanced analytical techniques ensure high accuracy and reliability.
- This NIST-developed SRM is suitable for inter-laboratory comparisons and validating analytical methods in forensic and clinical settings.