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Lymphocyte function in autism and Rett syndrome

A V Plioplys1, A Greaves, K Kazemi

  • 1Division of Neurology, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60616.

Neuropsychobiology
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Autism patients show increased activated T lymphocytes, suggesting an

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
  • Immune system dysregulation has been implicated in some ASD cases.
  • Previous research suggests potential immune system differences in individuals with autism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate immune cell profiles in patients with autism.
  • To examine T lymphocyte activation markers in autistic individuals.
  • To compare immune findings in autism with Rett syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from 17 patients with autism and 8 with Rett syndrome using Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient.
  • T and B cell numbers, CD4:CD8 ratios, and T cell subset distributions were analyzed.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions were assessed.
  • The expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors on T lymphocytes was quantified.

    • Main Results:

    • Patients with autism had normal T and B cell numbers and CD4:CD8 ratios overall, but with notable individual variations.
    • An increased percentage of DR+ (activated) T lymphocytes was observed in 11 out of 17 autistic patients.
    • No significant differences were found in lymphocyte proliferation or IL-2 receptor expression.
    • Individuals with Rett syndrome showed normal immune cell profiles.
    • The percentage of DR+ lymphocytes decreased with increasing age in the autistic group.

    Conclusions:

    • A subset of autistic patients exhibits an elevated percentage of activated T lymphocytes (DR+), suggesting 'incomplete' immune activation.
    • This finding, not observed in Rett syndrome, may indicate an autoimmune component in autism, potentially more active in early life.
    • Further research is warranted to explore the autoimmune hypothesis in autism spectrum disorder.