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Related Experiment Videos

Microvascular exudative hyperresponsiveness in human coronavirus-induced common cold

L Greiff1, M Andersson, A Akerlund

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden.

Thorax
|February 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Common cold from coronavirus increases airway microvessel plasma leakage. This heightened response, or exudative hyperresponsiveness, occurs without increased mucosal penetration and may be key in airway inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Microcirculation Research

Background:

  • Airway inflammation in rhinitis and asthma involves plasma leakage from microvessels.
  • Coronavirus infection can trigger common cold symptoms, potentially affecting airway responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the exudative responsiveness of airway subepithelial microvessels in individuals with and without common cold following coronavirus inoculation.
  • To determine if coronavirus infection alters the microvascular response to histamine and affects mucosal permeability.

Main Methods:

  • Histamine challenge (40 and 400 µg/ml) was applied to airway mucosa before and after coronavirus inoculation.
  • Nasal absorption of chromium-51 labelled ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA) was measured to assess mucosal penetration.

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  • Albumin concentration in lavage fluids served as an index of plasma exudation.

    • Main Results:

    • Subjects who developed a common cold showed significantly augmented histamine-induced mucosal exudation compared to healthy controls.
    • This increased exudative response was not due to higher baseline exudation or increased mucosal penetration of topical agents.
    • Nasal absorption of 51Cr-EDTA remained unchanged, indicating normal mucosal barrier function in terms of tracer penetration.

    Conclusions:

    • Coronavirus-induced common cold leads to an increased tendency for airway subepithelial microcirculation to exhibit plasma exudation.
    • This specific exudative hyperresponsiveness observed during common cold may be a characteristic feature of inflammatory airway diseases.