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Prevalence of peripheral artery disease in patients with coronary artery disease
1Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore.
Insights
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects 19.1% of this Asian population, with age, high cholesterol, and smoking as key risk factors. Early detection of PAD is crucial, especially in those with coronary artery disease.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Medicine
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Coronary artery disease incidence is rising in Singapore.
- Atherosclerotic peripheral artery diseases share etiological factors with coronary artery disease but appear to have a different incidence trend.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of lower limb occlusive peripheral artery diseases in a selected Asian population.
- To analyze the risk factors associated with peripheral artery disease in this demographic.
Main Methods:
- Utilized non-invasive testing to assess peripheral artery disease.
- Calculated the ankle-brachial index (ABI) to determine prevalence.
Main Results:
- Overall prevalence of peripheral artery disease (ABI < 0.9) was 19.1%.
- Identified increasing age, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking as significant risk factors.
- 21.3% of patients with coronary artery disease had abnormal ABIs compared to 13.0% without.
Conclusions:
- Peripheral artery disease incidence is high in this selected Asian population.
- Increased awareness and vascular laboratory availability may lead to more diagnoses.
- Risk factor management is critical for preventing peripheral artery disease.
Abstract:
The incidence of coronary artery disease in Singapore has shown a rapid rise in recent years, however, there is a subjective impression that the prevalence of atherosclerotic peripheral artery diseases, although sharing common aetiological factors with coronary artery disease, has not shown a similar rise. We set out to determine the incidence of occlusive peripheral artery diseases of the lower limb in a selected population of Asian patients using a non-invasive test and we analysed the risk factors. The overall prevalence of peripheral artery disease of the subjects as determined by an abnormal ankle brachial index less than 0.9 in at least one limb was 19.1%. Increasing age, hypercholesterolemia and smoking were risk factors. In patients with proven coronary artery disease, abnormal ankle brachial indices were present in 21.3% of patients with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease but in only 13.0% of those without. In this study, the incidence of peripheral artery disease in this selected Asian population was high. With the increasing availability of vascular laboratories and awareness of the diseases, we can expect to see increasing numbers of patients presenting with these problems.