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Related Experiment Videos

Thyroid diseases in a school population with thyromegaly

J Jaksić1, M Dumić, B Filipović

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Medical Centre Sibenik, Croatia.

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|February 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid disease, including simple goiter and juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis, affects 2.8% of schoolchildren in Sibenik, Croatia, despite iodized salt. Many cases go undiagnosed, highlighting the need for routine thyroid screening in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Thyroidology

Background:

  • Iodine deficiency disorders remain a public health concern globally.
  • Salt iodization is a common strategy to prevent iodine deficiency.
  • The prevalence of thyroid disorders in children in iodized salt regions requires ongoing surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of thyroid diseases in schoolchildren in Sibenik, Croatia, a region with iodized salt.
  • To identify specific thyroid conditions and their distribution among the pediatric population.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of current iodine prophylaxis and the need for further screening.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey of 5462 schoolchildren was conducted.
  • Clinical examinations for thyromegaly and thyroid nodules were performed.

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  • Fine needle biopsy, antibody testing (thyroglobulin, microsomal), and thyroid hormone level measurements (thyroxine, triiodothyronine, TSH) were utilized for diagnosis.

    • Main Results:

    • A total of 2.8% of children exhibited thyromegaly, with simple goiter being the most common (2.3%).
    • Juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis was diagnosed in 0.35% of children, with a female predominance.
    • Graves' disease and thyroid nodules were less common, affecting 0.07% and 0.055% respectively.
    • Only a small fraction of affected children had previously sought medical advice, indicating a significant number of undiagnosed cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite adequate salt iodization, thyroid disorders are prevalent in schoolchildren in Sibenik.
    • Simple goiter and juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis are significant findings in this population.
    • The low rate of prior medical consultation underscores the importance of systematic thyroid examinations in apparently healthy children, even in iodine-sufficient areas.