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The eye in bone marrow transplantation. VI. Retinal complications
N M Coskuncan1, D A Jabs, J P Dunn
1Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
|March 1, 1994
Summary
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can lead to severe posterior segment ocular complications, including hemorrhages, optic disc edema, and infectious retinitis. Early detection and management are crucial for preserving vision in BMT patients.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Hematology
- Transplantation Medicine
Background:
- Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a life-saving procedure for various hematologic and oncologic conditions.
- Ocular complications following BMT can significantly impact patient morbidity and visual outcomes.
- Evaluating the spectrum of posterior segment complications is essential for comprehensive patient care.
Observation:
- A retrospective analysis was conducted on 397 patients who underwent BMT.
- Patients were monitored for ocular complications at 6, 12 months, and annually post-transplantation.
- Ophthalmologic examinations were performed for clinical care and long-term follow-up.
Findings:
- 12.8% of BMT patients developed posterior segment complications.
- Hemorrhagic complications (intraretinal/vitreous) occurred in 3.5%, and cotton-wool spots in 4.3%.
- Optic disc edema (2.8%), retinal detachments (0.5%), and infectious retinitis/endophthalmitis (2.0%) were also observed, with varied causes including cyclosporine toxicity and infections.
Implications:
- Severe, vision-threatening posterior segment complications are a significant risk after BMT.
- The diverse etiology of these complications necessitates vigilant ophthalmologic surveillance.
- Understanding these risks aids in proactive management and improved visual prognoses for BMT recipients.