Circadian variations of self-reported activation: a multidimensional approach

Area of Science:

• Chronopsychology
• Psychological Assessment
• Circadian Rhythms

Background:

• Self-reported activation measures using adjective checklists are underutilized in chronopsychology.
• Previous research primarily used two daily measurements (morning/evening), limiting temporal resolution.
• Understanding diurnal variations in psychological states is crucial for chronopsychological research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate diurnal variations in energetic arousal, tensional arousal, and hedonic tone using the Urry and Johnson's Mood and Activation Checklist (UMACL).
• To examine how time of day (09:00, 13:00, 17:00, 21:00) affects these UMACL scales.
• To assess the influence of individual differences, specifically morningness, sex, and personality, on these diurnal patterns.

Main Methods:

• Utilized the Matthews' inventory (UMACL) to measure energetic arousal, tensional arousal, and hedonic tone.
• Collected data from 156 university students (aged 17-28) at four time points throughout the day.
• Employed statistical analyses to evaluate changes across time and the impact of individual difference factors.

Main Results:

• All UMACL scales demonstrated significant diurnal variations when considering the entire sample.
• Energetic arousal and hedonic tone decreased from morning to evening, while tensional arousal increased.
• Morningness significantly influenced energetic arousal and hedonic tone, with morning-type individuals exhibiting earlier peak activation.

Conclusions:

• Adjective checklist measures, like the UMACL, are effective tools for assessing self-reported circadian variations.
• Diurnal patterns in arousal and mood are evident and influenced by time of day.
• Individual differences, particularly morningness, play a role in modulating these circadian variations, highlighting the utility of chronopsychological assessments.