[Preoperative assessment of geriatric patients for emergency and for elective procedures]

The altered physiology of the older patient in combination with the increased number of disease processes increases the potential risk of perioperative complications. The usual diagnostic procedures often fail to uncover the multiple problems these patients have. They need a comprehensive preoperative assessment, which includes a thorough history, physical examination and laboratory testing. Special considerations include an evaluation of the nutritional status, the functional capabilities and an assessment of the patients' cognitive and emotional status. This type of comprehensive assessment helps the physician to minimize the perioperative risks for older patients and is an excellent tool for improving the postoperative care and rehabilitation procedures.