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Membrane filtration of pharmaceutical solutions
1Corporate Pharmacy Services, PharmaThera, Inc., Memphis, TN 38132.
American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
|September 1, 1993
Summary
Membrane filtration is crucial for preparing pharmaceutical solutions by removing particles to ensure clarity and sterility. Pharmacists must understand filter characteristics and applications, including contraindications for specific therapies.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Science
- Biotechnology
- Materials Science
Background:
- Pharmaceutical solution preparation frequently involves membrane filtration.
- This process is essential for removing viable and nonviable particles to achieve clarification or sterilization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the principles and applications of membrane filtration in pharmaceutical solution preparation.
- To highlight factors influencing filter selection and use in clinical settings.
Main Methods:
- Discussion of particle retention mechanisms (sieving, entrapment, electrostatic attraction).
- Overview of filter properties (hydrophobic/hydrophilic, pore size, materials like cellulose esters, polysulfone, PVDF).
- Analysis of factors affecting flow rate (resistance, viscosity, pressure).
Main Results:
- A pore size of 0.2 microns is the standard for sterile filtration.
- Filter selection depends on pore size, compatibility, fluid volume, particulate load, and filter holder.
- In-line filters can prevent contamination during administration of large-volume injectables.
Conclusions:
- Membrane filtration is vital for pharmaceutical quality control and patient safety.
- Understanding filtration principles, filter characteristics, and contraindications is essential for pharmacists.
- Specific therapies, such as lipid emulsions or low-dose infusions, may be contraindicated for 0.2-micron filtration.
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