Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Mating and Tetrad Separation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for Genetic Analysis
10:04

Mating and Tetrad Separation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for Genetic Analysis

Published on: August 13, 2009

The mating-type locus of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains highly rearranged DNA sequences

P J Ferris1, U W Goodenough

  • 1Biology Department, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130.

Cell
|March 25, 1994
PubMed

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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