The antimetamorphic effect of prolactin in the Japanese flounder

Prolactin has an antimetamorphic action in amphibian tadpoles. In the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, ovine prolactin (oPRL, 100 ng/ml) antagonized the stimulatory effect of triiodothyronine (T3, 1 ng/ml) on the resorption of the dorsal fin rays of prometamorphic larvae in vitro. Ovine growth hormone (oGH) at the same dose was without effect. Injections with oPRL (50 ng/fish, six times) into prometamorphic larvae also delayed the resorption of the dorsal fin rays without affecting the rates of eye migration and settling, while oGH was again without effect. The changes in the expression of both PRL and GH mRNAs in the pituitary during metamorphosis were monitored by in situ hybridization using cDNA probes. Both PRL and GH genes were increasingly expressed during successive metamorphic stages. These results are discussed in light of the possible interactions of PRL and GH with thyroid hormones in the control of development in the flounder.