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Sample preparation techniques

W A Baumgartner1, V A Hill

  • 1Psychemedics Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.

Forensic Science International
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hair analysis effectively distinguishes drug use from environmental exposure, preventing false positives. This method is reliable for workplace drug testing, ensuring accurate results.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Evidentiary false positives in drug testing stem from environmental exposure, not active use.
  • Distinguishing between active use and passive exposure is crucial for hair and urine analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the advantages of hair analysis over urinalysis in differentiating drug use from passive exposure.
  • To present methods for ensuring the accuracy of hair drug testing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing methylene blue staining for wash solvent selection.
  • Employing hair digestion for complete analyte release.
  • Determining diagnostic ratios (wash/digestion data, metabolite:drug ratios).
  • Implementing cut-off levels for passive exposure limits.
  • Ensuring result reproducibility through segmental analysis and new specimen testing.

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  • Reporting results as negative, positive, or contaminated.

    • Main Results:

    • Developed and applied sample preparation procedures to nearly 200,000 specimens.
    • Conducted approximately one million drug analyses for cocaine, opiates, methamphetamine, phencyclidine, and marijuana.
    • Validated multiple approaches to distinguish active drug use from passive environmental exposure in hair samples.

    Conclusions:

    • Hair analysis offers multiple reliable methods to avoid false positives due to passive exposure.
    • The described procedures are effective and have been extensively validated.
    • Hair analysis is a safe and effective method for workplace drug testing.