[The multilocular occlusive form of fibromuscular hyperplasia]

Area of Science:

• Vascular Medicine
• Radiology
• Genetics

Background:

• Fibromuscular hyperplasia (FMH) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory vasculopathy.
• It typically affects young to middle-aged individuals, predominantly women.
• Multiple arterial segment involvement is less common, particularly in younger demographics.

Observation:

• A 19-year-old male presented with extensive arterial involvement.
• Imaging revealed tubular stenosis and occlusions in bilateral internal carotid arteries, right renal artery, celiac axis, and superior mesenteric artery.
• This pattern suggests a rare, aggressive manifestation of FMH.

Findings:

• The case highlights a unique disease pattern of FMH with widespread arterial stenosis and occlusions.
• Analysis of vascular morphology provides insights into the pathophysiology of this rare presentation.
• Differential diagnosis considerations are crucial due to the atypical distribution and severity.

Implications:

• This case expands the understanding of FMH presentation and its potential severity in young males.
• It underscores the importance of considering FMH in the differential diagnosis of unexplained arterial stenosis, even in atypical patient groups.
• Further research into the genetic and environmental factors contributing to diverse FMH phenotypes is warranted.