Assessment of MR image deformation for stereotactic neurosurgery using a tagging sequence

A tagging sequence is used to assess MR image deformations before a stereotactic neurosurgical procedure, in a test model and in two patients. This pulse sequence super-imposes narrow parallel orthogonal tag lines on an image, which can be used as an internal reference frame. Image deformation is directly related to surface area variations in the squares produced by the tagging-sequence pulses. Small spatial deformations of the tags can be detected on the images used for measuring stereotactic-target spatial coordinates. A threshold of 2 SD guarantees that the distortion is smaller than one pixel.