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[The laryngeal mask as an instrument]
Der Anaesthesist
|February 1, 1994
Summary
The laryngeal mask (LM) provides a practical airway solution for anesthesia and resuscitation. Proper patient selection and careful ventilation management minimize risks like aspiration and gastric insufflation.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Medical Devices
- Airway Management
Background:
- The laryngeal mask (LM) was developed to address limitations of face masks and tracheal tubes.
- It is widely used in Great Britain and gaining traction in Europe.
- The LM offers a less invasive airway management option.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the clinical application and potential of the laryngeal mask.
- To discuss the technique, indications, and potential complications of LM use.
- To highlight the LM's utility beyond anesthesia, including resuscitation and difficult intubations.
Main Methods:
- The study reviews the development and application of the laryngeal mask.
- It discusses the technique of LM positioning and ventilation parameters.
- Clinical experience with over 300 LM applications is referenced.
Main Results:
- The LM is available in five sizes for different age groups and is easily applied.
- It facilitates spontaneous or artificial ventilation, with precautions for mechanical ventilation (peak pressure < 20-25 cm H2O).
- Risks like regurgitation, aspiration, and laryngospasm can be mitigated through proper patient selection and anesthesia depth.
Conclusions:
- The laryngeal mask is suitable for short surgical interventions in most age groups.
- It serves as a valuable tool for anesthesia, resuscitation, and managing difficult airways.
- Further investigation in German-speaking regions is recommended to confirm findings.