Stress inoculation education and counseling with patients on hemodialysis

A single-subject experimental design with multiple, repeated measures was used to investigate the effects of the cognitive-behavioral intervention of stress inoculation education (SIE) and counseling on anxiety, depression, psychosocial adjustment to illness, and perception of hemodialysis stressors. Two intervening variables, interpersonal support and control, were assessed to determine their influence on the dependent variables. The analyzed data suggested that SIE and counseling were effective in decreasing some problems for all study patients.