Dysfunctional voiding syndromes and vesicoureteral reflux

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Neuro-urology
• Pediatric Urology

Background:

• Micturition disorders mimicking neurogenic bladder are termed dysfunctional voiding.
• No underlying neuropathy is identified in these cases.
• Various voiding disturbances have been recognized since the 1970s.

Purpose of the Study:

• To classify voiding dysfunctions based on their potential impact on the upper urinary tracts.
• To identify specific dysfunctional voiding syndromes associated with adverse outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Classification of voiding dysfunctions into mild, moderate, and severe categories.
• Review of characteristics and clinical relevance of identified voiding disturbances.
• Description of specific syndromes: bladder instability, Hinman syndrome, and Ochoa syndrome.

Main Results:

• Voiding dysfunctions were categorized by severity and potential upper tract damage.
• Bladder instability, Hinman syndrome, and Ochoa syndrome were identified as key syndromes.
• These three syndromes are specifically associated with reflux or ureterovesical obstruction.

Conclusions:

• Dysfunctional voiding encompasses a range of conditions without underlying neuropathy.
• A severity-based classification aids in predicting upper tract impact.
• Specific syndromes like bladder instability, Hinman, and Ochoa syndromes require targeted management due to associated risks.