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Bone-grafting materials in implant dentistry
1University Oral Implantology Center, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, PA 15261.
Implant Dentistry
|January 1, 1993
Summary
Bone grafting materials, including autogenous bone, allografts, and alloplasts, are classified by their function. Material choice and combination depend on bony defect size and topography for optimal repair, particularly in implant dentistry.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Dental Implantology
Background:
- Bone grafting materials are essential for skeletal defect repair.
- Understanding material properties is crucial for successful bone regeneration.
- Current classifications aid in selecting appropriate bone graft substitutes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To classify bone grafting materials based on their mode of action and properties.
- To delineate the indications for different bone graft materials and combinations.
- To discuss the application of bone substitutes in implant dentistry.
Main Methods:
- Categorization of bone grafts into autogenous bone, allografts, and alloplasts.
- Analysis of material properties including osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction.
- Evaluation of porosity (dense, macroporous, microporous) and physical state (crystalline, amorphous) of alloplasts.
Main Results:
- Autogenous bone exhibits osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction.
- Allografts are osteoinductive and osteoconductive.
- Alloplasts are osteoconductive, with variations based on porosity and composition.
Conclusions:
- The selection and combination of bone grafting materials are dictated by the size and topography of the bony defect.
- Autogenous bone is critical for large defects or those with significant wall loss.
- Material choice significantly impacts outcomes in implant dentistry procedures.