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Early uterine development in pigs

F F Bartol¹, A A Wiley, T E Spencer

¹Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Auburn University, AL 36849-5415.

Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement

|January 1, 1993

Summary

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Pig uterine development is crucial for pregnancy success. Neonatal uterine development, independent of ovaries, is essential for adult function and embryonic survival, as disruptions can negatively impact fertility.

Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Developmental Biology
Animal Science

Background:

Uterine capacity, influenced by maternal and conceptus signals, is vital for establishing and maintaining pregnancy.
The development of uterine tissues from birth to 120 days is critical for adult function.
Neonatal uterine development involves ovary-independent, locally regulated cellular and molecular events.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and evaluate organizational events in uterine development that affect adult uterine function.
To investigate the impact of interrupted neonatal uterine development on adult uterine capacity and reproductive success.
To understand the role of specific developmental determinants in uterine capacity and embryonic survival.

Main Methods:

Observation of morphogenetic events in neonatal gilts, including ovariectomy at birth.

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Analysis of endometrial development, DNA synthesis, extracellular matrix components, and protein secretion.

Experimental disruption of neonatal uterine development using oestradiol valerate and daily estrogen administration.

Main Results:

Neonatal uterine development, including gland appearance, endometrial folding, and myometrial growth, proceeds normally in ovariectomized gilts.
Estrogen exposure from birth to day 13 in gilts reduced embryonic survival by 22% by day 45 of gestation.
Interruption of normal ovary-independent developmental events compromised adult uterine function and embryonic survival.

Conclusions:

Neonatal uterine development is regulated locally and requires specific organizational events to proceed without interruption.
Disruption of these critical developmental events can impair adult uterine function and negatively affect embryonic survival.
Understanding these developmental processes is key to identifying factors influencing uterine capacity and improving reproductive outcomes.