[Technological characteristics of endoscopic high frequency current and laser interventions]

Area of Science:

• Explores the application of high-frequency (HF) current and laser radiation in generating therapeutic and surgical heat.
• Details the technological aspects of HF currents and laser radiation interacting with biological tissues at various wavelengths.

Context:

• Integrates HF current and laser technologies into endoscopic procedures, creating ancillary surgical techniques.
• Addresses challenges in endoscopy, such as reduced visibility from hemorrhages and smoke production during thermal coagulation.

Purpose:

• To illustrate methods for tissue coagulation and dissection using HF current and laser radiation in endoscopy.
• To present the electrohydrothermosation (EHT) method for overcoming endoscopic visibility issues and enhancing safety.
• To explain endoscopic hemostasis and microsurgery probes and instruments.

Summary:

• Describes mono- and bipolar HF techniques and light-guide assisted laser methods (contact and non-contact).
• Introduces the electrohydrothermosation (EHT) method using simultaneous liquid instillation to improve visibility and manage smoke.
• Highlights the bipolar HF technique for increased safety in endoscopic applications and discusses laser-tissue interactions, emphasizing water content's role.

Impact:

• Enhances surgical capabilities in endoscopy through integrated HF current and laser technologies.
• Improves safety and efficacy of endoscopic procedures, particularly hemostasis and microsurgery.
• Expands the potential medical applications of lasers, including new solid-state lasers like erbium and holmium.