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Gun control and suicide in Ontario

P J Carrington1, S Moyer

  • 1Department of Sociology, University of Waterloo, Ont., Canada.

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|April 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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The 1978 Canadian gun control law coincided with a reduction in firearm suicide rates in Ontario. Researchers observed no increase in non-firearm suicides, suggesting the law may have contributed to lower overall suicide rates.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Criminology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Firearm availability is a significant factor in suicide rates.
  • Understanding the impact of legislative changes on public health outcomes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of Canada's 1978 gun control legislation on suicide rates in Ontario.
  • To determine if the law led to a decrease in firearm-related suicides and assess potential method substitution.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative analysis of firearm and non-firearm suicide rates in Ontario.
  • Data from pre-legislation (1965-1977) and post-legislation (1979-1989) periods were examined.

Main Results:

  • A notable decrease in the level and trend of firearm suicide rates was observed post-legislation.

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  • Total suicide rates also decreased, with no evidence of individuals substituting other methods for firearms.
  • The observed decreases may be partially attributable to the gun control law.
  • Conclusions:

    • The 1978 Canadian gun control law appears to be associated with a reduction in firearm suicides in Ontario.
    • The legislation did not lead to an increase in suicide by other means, indicating a potential public health benefit.