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Lift is a fundamental aerodynamic force that acts perpendicular to the direction of airflow. It plays a central role in achieving and sustaining flight and in stabilizing various vehicles. Lift primarily originates from pressure differences created across surfaces, such as an airfoil. A lower pressure region forms above the wing, while a higher pressure region forms below it, generating an upward force. This differential results from the shape and orientation of the airfoil, enabling the wing...
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Do growth chart centiles need a face lift?

T J Cole1

  • 1MRC Dunn Nutrition Centre, Cambridge.

BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
|March 5, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new unified growth chart is proposed, offering a more practical 0.4th centile cutoff for screening. This aims to improve upon existing European and North American charts for better growth assessment.

Keywords:
AnthropometryBiologyBody HeightBody WeightChild DevelopmentGrowthMeasurementPhysiologyResearch MethodologyTheoretical Studies

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Anthropometry
  • Growth Monitoring

Background:

  • Current European (3rd-97th) and North American (5th-95th) growth charts have arbitrary centile differences.
  • Existing charts are suboptimal for screening due to high false positive rates at low centile cutoffs.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) growth reference uses standard deviation scores, which are incompatible with centile-based charts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a unified growth chart that addresses limitations of existing centile-based charts.
  • To provide a more practical and sensitive screening cutoff for growth abnormalities.
  • To create a chart compatible with both centile and standard deviation score concepts.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel growth chart with nine centiles instead of the usual seven.
  • Spacing of centiles at two-thirds of a standard deviation score apart.
  • Inclusion of additional centiles at 2.67 standard deviation below and above the mean.

Main Results:

  • The proposed chart maintains similarity to conventional 3rd-97th centiles.
  • It introduces 0.4th and 99.6th centiles (approximately).
  • The 0.4th centile offers a more effective screening cutoff than the 3rd or 5th centile.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed unified growth chart offers improved screening utility.
  • It provides a more sensitive indicator for identifying growth deviations.
  • This approach enhances the practicality of growth monitoring for pediatric populations.