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Pulmonary pneumocystosis in nonhuman primates

F W Chandler, H M McClure, W G Campbell

    Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
    |March 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pneumocystis pneumonia, a lung infection, caused fatal outcomes in aged owl monkeys and young chimpanzees. This study details the first reported cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia in nonhuman primates, highlighting similarities to human infections.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Primate Research
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a significant opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals.
    • While well-documented in humans, PCP in nonhuman primates is rarely reported.
    • Understanding PCP in primates can offer insights into host-pathogen interactions and disease pathogenesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the first cases of fatal pulmonary Pneumocystis pneumonia in nonhuman primates.
    • To describe the clinical and pathological findings of PCP in owl monkeys and chimpanzees.
    • To compare primate PCP findings with those observed in human cases.

    Main Methods:

    • Necropsy and histopathological examination of lung tissues from affected nonhuman primates.
    • Light and electron microscopy were used to identify Pneumocystis organisms.
    • Clinical histories and concurrent diseases were reviewed for all cases.

    Main Results:

    • Pulmonary infection with Pneumocystis was confirmed in two aged owl monkeys and two young chimpanzees.
    • Owl monkeys presented with progressive weight loss, anorexia, and failure to thrive, leading to death.
    • Chimpanzees had an underlying myeloproliferative malignant neoplasm associated with Pneumocystis infection.
    • Pneumocystis organisms were identified within alveolar spaces and lining cells.
    • Pathological findings were consistent with human PCP, even in a treated case.

    Conclusions:

    • This study documents the first instances of fatal pulmonary Pneumocystis pneumonia in nonhuman primates.
    • Pneumocystis pneumonia in these primates shares pathological similarities with human infections.
    • These findings underscore the importance of considering PCP in immunocompromised nonhuman primates.

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