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Related Experiment Videos

Toward a redefinition of implicit memory: process dissociations following elaborative processing and self-generation

J P Toth1, E M Reingold, L L Jacoby

  • 1Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|March 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Conceptual processing does not influence unconscious memory use. The process-dissociation procedure revealed that automatic memory is unaffected by semantic study or self-generation, unlike indirect tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Investigating the influence of conceptual processing on unconscious memory.
  • Understanding the automatic vs. controlled components of memory retrieval.
  • Examining the validity of indirect memory tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if conceptual processing impacts automatic memory.
  • To differentiate automatic and controlled memory processes.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the process-dissociation procedure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a process-dissociation procedure to isolate memory components.
  • Employed a stem-completion task to assess memory.
  • Compared semantic and nonsemantic study conditions.

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Main Results:

  • Automatic memory showed no effect of self-generation.
  • Semantic and nonsemantic study conditions did not differentially affect automatic memory.
  • Indirect tests were found to be contaminated by conscious memory use.

Conclusions:

  • Conceptual processing does not influence automatic memory retrieval.
  • Stem completion relies heavily on perceptual and lexical processing.
  • Process-dissociation offers a more accurate assessment of memory than direct/indirect test comparisons.