A novel bipartite splicing enhancer modulates the differential processing of the human fibronectin EDA exon

EDA is a facultative type III homology of human fibronectin encoded by an alternative spliced exon. The EDA+ and EDA- mRNA forms show a cell type specific distribution with their relative proportion varying during development, aging and oncogenic transformation. We have previously demonstrated that an 81 bp nucleotide sequence within the exon itself is essential for differential RNA processing. Fine mapping of cis acting elements within this region has been carried out to identify possible target sites for the modulation of alternative splicing. There are at least two short nucleotide sequences involved. Element A (GAAGAAGA) is a positive modulator for the recognition of the exon, its deletion results in constitutive exclusion of the EDA exon. Element B (CAAGG) is a negative modulator for exon recognition, its deletion results in constitutive inclusion of the EDA exon. This bipartite structure of the splicing enhancer is a novel feature of the mammalian exons.