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Decrease in vertebral bone density after hip arthroplasty. A quantitative computed tomography study in 18 arthrosis

P Adolphson1, K von Sivers, N Dalén

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Danderyd Hospital, Sweden.

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica
|February 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Hip arthroplasty surgery led to decreased bone mineral density in lumbar vertebrae within six months. This bone loss, termed post-traumatic osteopenia, occurred despite improved mobility after the procedure.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Previous studies showed no bone mineral changes in the femur or tibia after hip arthroplasty.
  • Hip arthroplasty aims to restore mobility and alleviate pain associated with hip osteoarthritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bone mineral density (BMD) changes in lumbar vertebrae (L1-3) following hip arthroplasty.
  • To determine if hip arthroplasty influences vertebral bone density.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was used to measure BMD in the L1-3 vertebrae.
  • The study included 18 patients who underwent surgery for unilateral hip arthroplasty.

Main Results:

  • A median decrease in BMD of 5.3-8.4 percent was observed in all measured vertebrae six months postoperatively.

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  • No significant bone mineral changes were previously noted in the femur or tibia after hip arthroplasty.

    • Conclusions:

    • Hip arthroplasty is associated with a decrease in cancellous vertebral bone mineral density.
    • This vertebral bone loss may indicate a state of post-traumatic osteopenia, potentially linked to altered weight-bearing or metabolic changes.