Anatrichosoma cynamolgi (Nematoda: Trichinellida) in rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta

Young adult rhesus monkeys were examined for Anatrichosoma spp. by means of nasal swab, by histological study, and by gross examination with the aid of a dissecting microscope. Of 394 monkeys examined by nasal swab, 25 (6.3%) were found to be positive. Of 166 monkeys that died while in the colony, 23 (13.9%) were found to be infected when examined by histological study. Of 18 unfixed samples of external nasal vestibule, five (27.2%) were found to be infected when they were examined grossly with the aid of a dissecting microscope. Inflammatory response to the nematodes was limited. The nematodes were compared to type specimens of Anatrichosoma from monkeys, and were identified as A. cynamolgi Smith and Chitwood 1954. A. rhina and A. nacepobi are considered to be synonyms of A. cynamolgi.