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The anal transitional zone. A method for macroscopic demonstration

C Fenger

    Acta Pathologica Et Microbiologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology
    |May 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The anal canal has three distinct zones based on epithelial lining. The anal transitional zone (ATZ) can be visually identified using Alcian dye staining on whole mounts.

    Area of Science:

    • Anorectal anatomy
    • Histology
    • Gastrointestinal pathology

    Background:

    • The anal canal's structure is defined by its epithelial lining, varying from colorectal to squamous types.
    • A distinct region, the anal transitional zone (ATZ), exists between these two main types.
    • Understanding the ATZ is crucial for accurate anatomical and pathological assessments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the histological zones of the anal canal.
    • To identify and characterize the anal transitional zone (ATZ).
    • To evaluate a macroscopic staining method for visualizing the ATZ.

    Main Methods:

    • Histological examination of the anal canal.
    • Whole mount staining of the anal canal using Alcian dyes.

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  • Macroscopic observation of stained specimens.

    • Main Results:

    • The anal canal is histologically divided into upper (colorectal), middle (anal transitional zone - ATZ), and lower (squamous) parts.
    • Alcian dye staining macroscopically highlights the ATZ as a light green or blue area.
    • The stained ATZ corresponds accurately to the histologically defined transitional zone.

    Conclusions:

    • The anal canal exhibits three distinct histological zones.
    • Alcian dye whole mount staining provides a reliable macroscopic method for identifying the anal transitional zone (ATZ).
    • This technique aids in the accurate demarcation of anal canal regions.