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[Definitive end-stage chronic kidney failure after cisplatin treatment]
Nephrologie
|January 1, 1993
Summary
Cisplatin (CDDP) can cause severe, irreversible kidney damage, leading to acute tubular necrosis and the need for dialysis. Close monitoring of kidney function and hydration are crucial during and after CDDP treatment to prevent nephrotoxicity.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Cisplatin (CDDP) is a widely used chemotherapy agent for various cancers.
- CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, typically acute tubular necrosis, is often reversible.
- This study investigates cases of definitive renal failure following CDDP administration.
Observation:
- Four patients (3 female, 1 male, mean age 40) developed renal failure after CDDP treatment for endometrial carcinoma, breast carcinoma, or thymoma.
- Patients received 1-4 CDDP courses with a mean total dose of 447 mg; no other nephrotoxic drugs were used.
- Dehydration occurred in two patients; one had a prior nephrectomy.
Findings:
- All patients required dialysis, with three needing it within 15 days of chemotherapy.
- One patient progressed to end-stage renal failure 12 months post-treatment.
- Three patients died from their underlying cancer; one is awaiting kidney transplantation.
Implications:
- CDDP can cause severe and potentially irreversible nephrotoxicity.
- Systemic hydration and regular serum creatinine monitoring are essential during and after CDDP therapy.
- These measures are critical for managing and potentially preventing severe renal complications in patients receiving cisplatin.