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Bone disorders in sickle-cell disease

O Onuba1

  • 1University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross River State, Nigeria.

International Orthopaedics
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sickle cell disease commonly causes bone pain and crises due to blood clots and red blood cell destruction. Management involves standard orthopedic principles with special care during surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Hematology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) frequently impacts multiple organs, with musculoskeletal issues being the most common cause of hospital admission.
  • Bone pain, crises, and osteomyelitis arise from sickled red blood cell thromboembolic infarcts.
  • Hemolysis and increased erythroblastic activity in SCD lead to bone marrow expansion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the common musculoskeletal manifestations of sickle cell disease.
  • To discuss the underlying pathological mechanisms.
  • To provide guidance on orthopedic management and surgical considerations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common clinical presentations in sickle cell disease.
  • Pathophysiological analysis of bone lesions.

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  • Summary of standard orthopedic management strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Common findings include dactylitis, avascular necrosis (especially of the femoral head), osteomyelitis, growth retardation, and leg ulcers.
    • Two primary pathological processes contribute to bone lesions: thromboembolism and bone marrow expansion.
    • Standard orthopedic principles guide management.

    Conclusions:

    • Musculoskeletal complications are a major burden in sickle cell disease.
    • Careful surgical management, including tourniquet use and oxygenation, is crucial.
    • Awareness of potential complications like acute renal failure is necessary.