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Acute heat acclimation and kidney function in broilers

R F Wideman1, B C Ford, J D May

  • 1Department of Poultry Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.

Poultry Science
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Heat-acclimated broilers conserve body water by reducing urine and sodium excretion through lower kidney filtration rates. This adaptation helps manage water intake during heat stress, crucial for poultry farming.

Area of Science:

  • Animal Physiology
  • Environmental Stress Biology
  • Renal Physiology

Background:

  • Heat-acclimated broilers exhibit enhanced resistance to heat stress and increased water consumption.
  • Understanding the physiological mechanisms behind water balance in heat-acclimated poultry is essential for optimizing welfare and productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether heat-acclimated broilers conserve body water by reducing urine and solute (sodium) excretion.
  • To compare renal function in heat-acclimated and non-acclimated broilers under varying ambient temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Renal function studies were conducted on anesthetized broilers at different ambient temperatures (21°C and 32°C).
  • Intravenous infusions simulated volume expansion due to thermogenic polydipsia.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurements included urine flow rate, osmolal clearance, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), filtered sodium load, and tubular sodium reabsorption.

    • Main Results:

    • Heat-acclimated broilers showed significantly lower urine flow rates and osmolal clearances compared to controls.
    • All heat-acclimated groups exhibited significantly lower GFR, filtered sodium loads, and tubular sodium reabsorption rates.
    • These kidney function changes were observed even at thermoneutral temperatures.

    Conclusions:

    • Heat-acclimated broilers conserve body water by reducing urinary fluid and solute loss via decreased kidney filtration and reabsorption.
    • These adaptations minimize water loss during heat stress and reduce metabolic heat production associated with solute recovery.
    • Findings highlight the kidney's role in thermoregulation and water balance in poultry.